Vibriosis

 Vibriosis

Vibriosis is a bacterial venereal disease of cattle and sheep characterized primarily by early embryonic death, infertility, a protracted calving season and occasionally by abortion. It occurs worldwide. 

Scientific Name:	Campylobacter fetus venerealis and Campylobacter fetus fetus
Common Names:	Bovine campylobacteriosis, Genital vibriosis

It is caused by bacteria called Campylobacter fetus, Venerealis and Campylobacter fetus fetus. C. fetus fetus was thought for many years to be primarily an intestinal organism but it has been found to be a significant cause of the classic infertility syndrome usually attributed to C. fetus venerealis. 

Vibriosis in sheep is evidenced by abortions in late pregnancy and still births. 

• Cause:
• Vibriosis is caused by the bacteria Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis. 
• Transmission:
• Infected bulls transmit the disease to cows during mating.
• Impact on Cattle:
• Vibriosis can cause infertility in cows, leading to prolonged calving periods and reduced reproductive efficiency
• Prevention and Control:
• Vaccination of breeding animals, particularly bulls and replacement heifers, is a key method of controlling vibriosis
• Treatment:
• Antibiotic treatment of infected animals may be attempted, but success depends on the length of time the infection has been established.
• Diagnosis: 
• Diagnosis is based on breeding history, reproductive performance in the herd, and laboratory tests.
• Chronic Infections:

  .Bulls can carry the infection for long periods without showing signs of illness
• Spread:

   When introduced to a clean herd, the disease can spread rapidly as cows have no immunity.
• Conception Rates:

   In chronically infected herds, conception rates can be reduced, with replacement heifers being the most severely affected.
• Immunity:

   While immunity develops over time, it typically wanes, leading to the possibility of reinfection.
• Economic Impact:

  Vibriosis can lead to significant financial losses for cattle producers due to reduced herd productivity