Vibriosis is a bacterial venereal disease of cattle and sheep characterized primarily by early embryonic death, infertility, a protracted calving season and occasionally by abortion. It occurs worldwide.
Vibriosis, also known as Bovine Venereal Campylobacteriosis (BVC) or campylobacteriosis, is a sexually transmitted venereal disease of cattle caused by the bacteria Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis. It primarily affects reproductive health, causing infertility, abortion, and prolonged calving periods
Scientific Name: Campylobacter fetus venerealis and Campylobacter fetus fetus
Common Names: Bovine campylobacteriosis, Genital vibriosis
It is caused by bacteria called Campylobacter fetus, Venerealis and Campylobacter fetus fetus. C. fetus fetus was thought for many years to be primarily an intestinal organism but it has been found to be a significant cause of the classic infertility syndrome usually attributed to C. fetus venerealis.
Vibriosis in sheep is evidenced by abortions in late pregnancy and still births.
Key aspects of Vibriosis:
- The bacteria Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis is responsible for the disease
- It is primarily transmitted through mating, with infected bulls being the main source of infection
- Reduced pregnancy rates: Infection can lead to early embryonic death, making it difficult for cows to conceive
- Prolonged calving periods: Cows may require multiple breeding services to conceive, extending the calving season
- Infertility: Some cows may become permanently infertile due to reproductive tract damage caused by the bacteria Prevention and Control:
- Vaccination: Vaccination of bulls is an effective way to prevent the spread of the disease
- Bull Management: Implementing strategies like culling infected bulls, using young bulls, and seasonal mating can help control the disease
- Early detection and diagnosis: Regular monitoring of reproductive performance and testing for the bacteria can help identify and manage infected herds